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比较大小(对数无理三角)

下列选项正确的是(    )

A.$\frac{\ln\pi}{\pi} < \frac{\ln 3}{3}$  B.$9\ln\frac{2}{3} < 8\ln\frac{3}{4}$  C.$\sin\frac{1}{2} < \frac{3}{2}\sin\frac{1}{3}$  D.$\sin\frac{1}{2} > \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\pi}$

解:A 可化为$\frac{\ln x}{x}$

设$f(x) = \frac{\ln x}{x}$,则$f'(x) = \frac{1 - \ln x}{x^{2}}$

$\therefore x > e$时$f(x)$单减,$0 < x < e$时$f(x)$单增

$\therefore f(\pi) > f(3)$,$f\left( \frac{2}{3} \right) < f\left( \frac{3}{4} \right)$

$\therefore \frac{\ln\pi}{\pi} > \frac{\ln 3}{3}$,故 A 错误

$\frac{\ln\frac{2}{3}}{\frac{2}{3}} < \frac{\ln\frac{3}{4}}{\frac{3}{4}}$,则$9\ln\frac{2}{3} < 8\ln\frac{3}{4}$,故 B 正确

C 选项可化为$\frac{\sin x}{x}$,$\sin\frac{1}{2} < \frac{3}{2}\sin\frac{1}{3}$

设$g(x) = \frac{\sin x}{x}$,则$g'(x) = \frac{x\cos x - \sin x}{x^{2}}$

设$t(x) = x\cos x - \sin x$,则$t'(x) = - x\sin x$

$\therefore t(x)$单减,$t(x) < t(0) = 0$

$\therefore g'(x) = \frac{t(x)}{x^{2}} < 0$

$\therefore 0 < x < \frac{\pi}{2}$时,$g(x)$单减

$\therefore g\left( \frac{1}{2} \right) < g\left( \frac{1}{3} \right)$

$\therefore \frac{\sin\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} < \frac{\sin\frac{1}{3}}{\frac{1}{3}}$,故 C 正确

D 选项可化为$\frac{\sin\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} > \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{\frac{\pi}{4}} = \frac{\sin\frac{\pi}{4}}{\frac{\pi}{4}}$

$\because g\left( \frac{1}{2} \right) > g\left( \frac{\pi}{4} \right)$

$\therefore \frac{\sin\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} > \frac{\sin\frac{\pi}{4}}{\frac{\pi}{4}}$,故 D 正确

综上,故选:BCD.

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