首页 › 模拟试题 › 函数零点 › 极值点 函数f(x)=aex-x2有两个极值点

极值点 函数f(x)=aex-x2有两个极值点

1.若函数$F(x)=a{\text{e}}^{x}-{x}^{2}(a \in \text{R})$有两个极值点${x}_{1},{x}_{2}$,且${x}_{1}<{x}_{2}$,则下列结论中不正确的是(    )

A.$0<{x}_{1}<1$ B.$a$的范围是$\left( - \infty ,\frac{2}{\text{e}} \right)$

C.${x}_{1}>\frac{1}{{\text{e}}^{{x}_{2}}}$ D.$ln{x}_{1}+ln{x}_{2}<0$

1.B

【详解】$F(x)=a{\text{e}}^{x}-{x}^{2}(a \in \text{R})$,有两个极值点${x}_{1},{x}_{2}$且${x}_{1}<{x}_{2}$,

∴${F}^{'}(x)=f(x)=a{\text{e}}^{x}-2x$,$a \in \text{R}$有两个零点${x}_{1},{x}_{2}$,且在${x}_{1},{x}_{2}$各自两边$f(x)$异号,

∴$y=a$与$y=\frac{2x}{{\text{e}}^{x}}$有两个交点$\left( {x}_{1},a \right)$,$\left( {x}_{2},a \right)$,

记$g(x)=\frac{2x}{{\text{e}}^{x}}$,则${g}^{'}(x)=\frac{2\left( 1-x \right)}{{\text{e}}^{x}}$,易知:$x<1$时${g}^{'}(x)>0$,$x>1$时${g}^{'}(x)<0$,

∴$g(x)$在$\left( - \infty ,1 \right)$上递增,在$\left( 1,+ \infty \right)$上递减,

∴$g(x)$有最大值$g\left( 1 \right)=\frac{2}{\text{e}}$,且$x<0$时$g(x)<0$,$x>0$时$g(x)>0$,

又当$x$趋向于正无穷时,$y{\text{=e}}^{x}$趋向于正无穷的速率远远超过$y=2x$趋向于正无穷的速率,所以$\frac{2x}{{\text{e}}^{x}}$趋向于0,且$g\left( 0 \right)=0$,

由上可得$g(x)$的图像如下,

∴当且仅当$0<a<\frac{2}{\text{e}}$时$y=a$与$y=\frac{2x}{{\text{e}}^{x}}$有两个交点,

且$0<{x}_{1}<1<{x}_{2}$,故A正确,B不正确.

又$f\left( {x}_{1} \right)=f\left( {x}_{2} \right)=0 \Leftrightarrow a{\text{e}}^{{x}_{1}}-2{x}_{1}=0=a{\text{e}}^{{x}_{2}}-2{x}_{2} \Leftrightarrow \frac{{x}_{1}}{{\text{e}}^{{x}_{1}}}=\frac{{x}_{2}}{{\text{e}}^{{x}_{2}}} \Leftrightarrow {x}_{1}=\frac{{x}_{2}{\text{e}}^{{x}_{1}}}{{\text{e}}^{{x}_{2}}}$,

∴${x}_{1}>\frac{1}{{\text{e}}^{{x}_{2}}}$,故C正确.

令$t=\frac{{x}_{2}}{{x}_{1}}>1$,则$\frac{2{x}_{1}}{{\text{e}}^{{x}_{1}}}=a=\frac{2{x}_{2}}{{\text{e}}^{{x}_{2}}}=\frac{2t{x}_{1}}{{\text{e}}^{t{x}_{1}}}$,∴${\text{e}}^{t{x}_{1}-{x}_{1}}=t$,则${x}_{1}=\frac{lnt}{t-1}$,${x}_{2}=\frac{tlnt}{t-1}$,

∴要证$ln{x}_{1}+ln{x}_{2}<0$,只需证$0<{x}_{1}{x}_{2}<1$,

只需证$t{\left( \frac{lnt}{t-1} \right)}^{2}<1 \Leftrightarrow lnt<\frac{t-1}{\sqrt{t}}(t>1) \Leftrightarrow ln{p}^{2}<\frac{{p}^{2}-1}{p} \Leftrightarrow 2lnp<p-\frac{1}{p}(p=\sqrt{t}>1)\left( * \right)$,

令$T(x)=2lnx-\left( x-\frac{1}{x} \right)$,则${T}^{'}(x)=\frac{2}{x}-1-\frac{1}{{x}^{2}}=-\frac{{x}^{2}-2x+1}{{x}^{2}} \leq 0$,

∴$T(x)$在$\left( 1,+ \infty \right)$上单调递减,即$x>1$时$T(x)<T\left( 1 \right)=0$,不等式$\left( * \right)$得证,故D正确.

故选:B

上一篇 比较大小(对数有理数) 下一篇 (2a-b)e(a-1)+(1-2b)e2b大于2b-2a-1