函数有三个不同零点 f(x)=(lnx)²+(4+a)xlnx+(2a+8)x²
已知函数 $f(x)=\left(\ln x\right)^{2}+(4+a)x\ln x+(2a+8)x^{2}$ 存在三个零点 $x_{1}$、$x_{2}$、$x_{3}$,且满足 $x_{1}<x_{2}<x_{3}$,则 $\left(\dfrac{\ln x_{1}}{x_{1}}+2\right)^{2}\left(\dfrac{\ln x_{2}}{x_{2}}+2\right)\left(\dfrac{\ln x_{3}}{x_{3}}+2\right)$ 的值为__.
解:
依题可知
$$\left(\ln x\right)^{2}+(4+a)x\ln x+(2a+8)x^{2}=0\ \text{有三个不等根}$$
$$\therefore\left(\frac{\ln x}{x}\right)^{2}+4\cdot\frac{\ln x}{x}+a\cdot\frac{\ln x}{x}+2a+8=0\ \text{有三个不等根}$$
$$\therefore\left(\frac{\ln x}{x}+2\right)^{2}+a\left(\frac{\ln x}{x}+2\right)+4=0\ \text{有三个不等根}$$
令 $t(x)=\dfrac{\ln x}{x}+2$,则 $t^{2}+at+4=0$ 有三个不等根
$$\therefore t_{1}\cdot t_{2}=4$$
$$\because t'(x)=\frac{1-\ln x}{x^{2}}$$
$\therefore 0<x<e$ 时,$t(x)$ 单增;$x>e$ 时 $t(x)$ 单减.
$0<x<1$ 时,$t(x)<2$;$x>1$ 时 $t(x)>2$.
函数图像如下图所示:
(图像:$t(x)=\dfrac{\ln x}{x}+2$ 的图像,在 $x=e$ 处取最大值,水平线与竖直线标出三个交点)
$$\because x_{1}<x_{3}<x_{2}$$
$$\therefore t_{1}=\frac{\ln x_{1}}{x_{1}}+2,\ t_{2}=\frac{\ln x_{2}}{x_{2}}+2=\frac{\ln x_{3}}{x_{3}}+2$$
$$\therefore\left(\frac{\ln x_{1}}{x_{1}}+2\right)^{2}\left(\frac{\ln x_{2}}{x_{2}}+2\right)\left(\frac{\ln x_{3}}{x_{3}}+2\right)=t_{1}^{2}t_{2}^{2}=16$$