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函数f(x)=x2eax恒成立

6.已知函数$f(x) = x^{2}\text{e}^{ax}$($a < 0$).若对任意$x_{1},x_{2} \in \lbrack 0,2\rbrack$,$f(x_{1}) - 1 \leq \frac{x_{2}}{x_{2}^{2} + 1}$恒成立,则实数$a$的取值范围\\\\\\\\\_.

【详解】令$g(x) = \frac{x}{x^{2} + 1}$,故函数$g(x)$的定义域为$\text{R}$,$g'(x) = \frac{1 - x^{2}}{\left( x^{2} + 1 \right)^{2}} = \frac{(1 - x)(1 + x)}{\left( x^{2} + 1 \right)^{2}}$,

当$x$变化时,$g'(x)$,$g(x)$的变化情况如下表:

----------- ---------------------- -------------- -------------------

$$x$$ $$( - \infty, - 1)$$ $$( - 1,1)$$ $$(1, + \infty)$$
$$g'(x)$$ $$-$$ $$+$$ $$-$$
$$g(x)$$ 单调减 单调增 单调减

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因为$g(0) = 0$,$g(2) = \frac{2}{5} > 0$,所以$x \in \lbrack 0,2\rbrack$时,函数$g(x)$的最小值为$g(0) = 0$;

因为对任意$x_{1},x_{2} \in \lbrack 0,2\rbrack$,$f(x_{1}) - 1 \leq$ $\frac{x_{2}}{x_{2}^{2} + 1}$ 恒成立,

故$x \in \lbrack 0,2\rbrack$时$f(x) - 1 \leq 0$,即$f(x) \leq 1$恒成立;

因为$f'(x) = \left( ax^{2} + 2x \right)e^{ax}$,因为$a < 0$,令$f'(x) = 0$得,$x_{1} = 0$,$x_{2} = - \frac{2}{a}$.

(ⅰ)当$- \frac{2}{a} \geq 2$,即$- 1 \leq a < 0$时,在$(0,2)$上$f'(x) > 0$,

所以函数$f(x)$在$(0,2)$上单调递增,所以函数$\left\lbrack f(x) \right\rbrack_{\text{max}} = f(2) = 4e^{2a}$.

故由$4e^{2a} \leq 1$得,$a \leq - \text{ln}2$,所以$- 1 \leq a \leq - \text{ln}2$.

(ⅱ)当$0 < - \frac{2}{a} < 2$,即$a < - 1$时, 在$\left\lbrack 0, - \frac{2}{a} \right)$上$f'(x) \geq 0$,在$\left( - \frac{2}{a},2 \right\rbrack$上$f'(x) < 0$,

所以函数$f(x)$在$\left\lbrack 0, - \frac{2}{a} \right)$上单调递增,在$\left( - \frac{2}{a},2 \right\rbrack$上单调递减,

所以$\left\lbrack f(x) \right\rbrack_{\text{max}} = f\left( - \frac{2}{a} \right) = \frac{4}{a^{2}e^{2}}$,

由$\frac{4}{a^{2}e^{2}} \leq 1$得$a \leq - \frac{2}{e}$或$a \geq \frac{2}{e}$,所以$a < - 1$,

综上所述,$a$的取值范围是$\left( - \infty, - \text{ln}2 \right\rbrack$,

故答案为:$\left( - \infty, - \text{ln}2 \right\rbrack$

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