14.设$a > 0$且$a \neq 1$,若对$\forall x \in ( - \infty,0)$都有$a^{x} + a^{\frac{1}{x}} \leq \frac{2}{a}$恒成立,则实数a的取值范围为\\\\\\.
14.$(1,2\rbrack$
【详解】因为$a > 0$且$a \neq 1$,因为$a^{x} + a^{\frac{1}{x}} \geq 2\sqrt{a^{x + \frac{1}{x}}}$,当且仅当$a^{x} = a^{\frac{1}{x}}$时取等号,
故$2\sqrt{a^{x + \frac{1}{x}}} \leq \frac{2}{a}$,所以$a^{x + \frac{1}{x}} \leq a^{- 2}$,
又$x < 0$,所以$x + \frac{1}{x} = - \left\lbrack ( - x) + \left( - \frac{1}{x} \right) \right\rbrack \leq - 2$,当且仅当$x = \frac{1}{x}$时取等号,
所以$a > 1$.
又$a^{x} + a^{\frac{1}{x}} \leq \frac{2}{a}$,所以$a^{x} \leq \frac{2}{a} - a^{\frac{1}{x}} = \frac{2 - a^{1 + \frac{1}{x}}}{a}$,显然$a^{x} > 0$,
所以有$2 - a^{1 + \frac{1}{x}} > 0$,即$1 + \frac{1}{x} < \log_{a}2$恒成立,
又$x < 0$,所以$1 + \frac{1}{x} < 1$,故$\log_{a}2 \geq 1 = \log_{a}a$,所以$a \leq 2$.
当$a > 2$时,$1 + \frac{1}{x} < \log_{a}2$恒成立,即$x > \frac{1}{\log_{a}2 - 1}$恒成立,与$\forall x \in ( - \infty,0)$矛盾.
下面证明:在$1 < a \leq 2,x \in ( - \infty,0)$,有$a^{1 + x} + a^{1 + \frac{1}{x}} \leq 2$,
令$t = a^{1 + x} \in (0,a),x = \log_{a}\left( \frac{t}{a} \right)$
要使$a^{1 + \frac{1}{x}} \leq 2 - a^{1 + x}$,即$1 + \frac{1}{x} \leq \log_{a}(2 - t)$
即$1 + \frac{1}{\log_{a}\left( \frac{t}{a} \right)} \leq \log_{a}(2 - t)$
由$1 < a \leq 2$知$t = a^{1 + x} \in (0,a)$,得$\frac{t}{a} \in (0,1),\log_{a}\left( \frac{t}{a} \right) < 0$
从而需证:$\log_{a}\frac{t}{a} + 1 \geq \left( \log_{a}t - 1 \right) \cdot \log_{a}(2 - t)$
即需证明:$\frac{\ln t}{\ln a} + \frac{\ln(2 - t)}{\ln a} - \frac{\ln t}{\ln a} \cdot \frac{\ln(2 - t)}{\ln a} \geq 0$,记$\ln a = b \in (0,\ln 2\rbrack$
从而只需证:$h(t) = b\lbrack\ln t + \ln(2 - t)\rbrack - \ln t \cdot \ln(2 - t) \geq 0$①
而$h'(t) = b\left( \frac{1}{t} - \frac{1}{2 - t} \right) - \left( \frac{1}{t}\ln(2 - t) + \ln t \cdot \frac{- 1}{2 - t} \right) = \frac{1}{t}\lbrack b - \ln(2 - t)\rbrack + \frac{1}{2 - t}\lbrack\ln t - b\rbrack,h'(1) = 0$,
令$\varphi(t) = \frac{1}{t}\lbrack b - \ln(2 - t)\rbrack + \frac{1}{2 - t}\lbrack\ln t - b\rbrack$,则
$\varphi'(t) = \frac{1}{t^{2}}\left\lbrack \ln\frac{2 - t}{2} + \frac{2}{2 - t} - 1 + (\ln 2 - b) \right\rbrack + \frac{1}{{(2 - t)}^{2}}\left\lbrack \ln\frac{t}{2} + \frac{2}{t} - 1 + (\ln 2 - b) \right\rbrack$,
令$t(x) = \ln x + \frac{1}{x} - 1(x > 0)$,则$t'(x) = \frac{1}{x} - \frac{1}{x^{2}} = \frac{x - 1}{x^{2}}$,
当$0 < x < 1$时,$t'(x) < 0$,当$x > 1$时,$t'(x) > 0$,
所以$t(x)$在$(0,1)$上递减,在$(1, + \infty)$上递增,
所以$t(x) \geq t(1) = 0$,即$\ln x + \frac{1}{x} - 1 \geq 0$,
因为$\ln 2 - b \geq 0$,所以$\varphi'(t) \geq 0$
∴$h'(t)$在$(0,a)$上递增,又$h'(1) = 0$,
∴在$0 < t \leq 1,h'(t) < h'(1) = 0,h(t)$递减,$h(t) \geq h(1)$,
$1 \leq t < a,h'(t) > h'(1) = 0,h(t)$递增,$h(t) \geq h(1)$,
而$h(1) = 0$,从而在$1 < t < a$时总有$h(t) \geq h(1) = 0$
∴①式恒成立,不等式$a^{1 + x} + a^{1 + \frac{1}{3}} \leq 2$得证.
综上所述,$a \in (1,2\rbrack$.
故答案为:$(1,2\rbrack$